The Female Brain

thinking and intelligence

Strategic Thinking in Criminal Intelligence $64.59 Strategic Thinking in Criminal Intelligence

Nature''s Mind: The Biological Roots of Thinking, Emotions, Sexuality, Language, & Intelligence $18 Nature''s Mind: The Biological Roots of Thinking, Emotions, Sexuality, Language, & Intelligence

Rationality and Intelligence $49 Rationality and Intelligence develops and justifies a prescriptive theory of rational thinking in terms of utility theory and the theory of rational life plans.

Ecological Intelligence $28.95 A best seller in Africa, Ecological Intelligence defines a new way of thinking about the unprecedented environmental pressures of our day...

Twenty-First Century Intelligence $48.95 Twenty-First Century Intelligence collects the thinking of some of the foremost experts on the future of intelligence in our new century...

Intelligence $50.03 Intelligence

Constructive Thinking: The Key to Emotional Intelligence $164.5 This is a book on how to gain control of one''s emotions. It is a serious book that contains a theory of automatic processing it presents and its implications for controlling emotions...

Adaptive Thinking $32.95 Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to ...

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry $31.5 It is clear that the techniques of artificial intelligence are useful for more than just the development of thinking machines; they constitute powerful problem-solving tools in their own right and ...

Tree-Structure based Hybrid Computational Intelligence $135.5 Research in computational intelligence is directed toward building thinking machines and improving our understanding of intelligence...

Future Intelligence $28.88 Hauptbeschreibung As the pace of change has grown more rapid, an emphasis on survival and short-term thinking has increasingly pervaded the realm of leadership and political decision-making. In a bold response to this problem, the Israeli Knesset established the Commission for Future Generations and appointed the former judge, Shlomo Shoham, as head of the Commission in 2001. Shoham was tasked with the difficult work of representing the needs, interests and rights of those not yet born. Drawing upon his legal and political experience, Shoham today demonstrates how we can overcome the pitfalls of short-term thinking by developing our "future intelligence." This kind of intelligence, he argues, is the key to infusing public administration with visionary thinking and creative foresight. Endorsements: From Shimon Peres, President of the State of Israel In his book Future Intelligence, Judge (ret.) Shlomo Shoham provides a practical model on how to enhance sustainability in government and policy-defining bodies to serve the future of mankind and nature in a changing planet. Future Intelligence turns to the decision-makers of today to break away from the conservative outlook and adopt a long-term vision for posterity. From Horst Khler, former President of the Federal Republic of Germany Shlomo Shoham presented the work of the Commission for Future Generations at the First Forum on Demographic Change of the former German President in 2005. For President Horst Khler and other participants, Shoham's conceptual contributions proved immensely valuable in helping lay out new means of dealing with the fundamental challenges facing all countries, including Germany.   Biographische Informationen n/a

Computational Intelligence $82.95 Russ Eberhart and Yuhui Shi have succeeded in integrating various natural and engineering disciplines to establish Computational Intelligence. This is the first comprehensive textbook, including lots of practical examples. -Shun-ichi Amari, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan This book is an excellent choice on its own, but, as in my case, will form the foundation for our advanced graduate courses in the CI disciplines. -James M. Keller, University of Missouri-Columbia The excellent new book by Eberhart and Shi asserts that computational intelligence rests on a foundation of evolutionary computation. This refreshing view has set the book apart from other books on computational intelligence. The book has an emphasis on practical applications and computational tools, which are very useful and important for further development of the computational intelligence field. -Xin Yao, The Centre of Excellence for Research in Computational Intelligence and Applications, Birmingham The soft analytic tools that comprise the field of computational intelligence have matured to the extent that they can, often in powerful combination with one another, form the foundation for a variety of solutions suitable for use by domain experts without extensive programming experience. Computational Intelligence: Concepts to Implementations provides the conceptual and practical knowledge necessary to develop solutions of this kind. Focusing on evolutionary computation, neural networks, and fuzzy logic, the authors have constructed an approach to thinking about and working with computational intelligence that has, in their extensive experience, proved highly effective. Features Moves clearly and efficiently from concepts and paradigms to algorithms and implementation techniques by focusing, in the early chapters, on the specific concepts and paradigms that inform the authors' methodologies. Explores a number of key themes, including self-organization, complex adaptive systems, and emergent computation. Details the metrics and analytical tools needed to assess the performance of computational intelligence tools. Concludes with a series of case studies that illustrate a wide range of successful applications. Presents code examples in C and C++. Provides, at the end of each chapter, review questions and exercises suitable for graduate students, as well as researchers and practitioners engaged in self-study. Makes available, on a companion website, a number of software implementations that can be adapted for real-world applications. Moves clearly and efficiently from concepts and paradigms to algorithms and implementation techniques by focusing, in the early chapters, on the specific concepts and paradigms that inform the authors' methodologies. Explores a number of key themes, including self-organization, complex adaptive systems, and emergent computation. Details the metrics and analytical tools needed to assess the performance of computational int

Cultural Intelligence $41 Introducing a way of thinking about culture as a dynamic and socially constructed phenomenon rather than a fixed set of rules, this guidebook ...

Thinking on the Web $33.95 What Is Thinking? What is Turing's Test? What is Gödel's Undecidability Theorem? How is Berners-Lee's Semantic Web logic going to overcome paradoxes and complexity to produce machine processing on the Web? Thinking on the Web draws from the contributions of Tim Berners-Lee (What is solvable on the Web?), Kurt Gödel (What is decidable?), and Alan Turing (What is machine intelligence?) to evaluate how much "intelligence" can be projected onto the Web. The authors offer both abstract and practical perspectives to delineate the opportunities and challenges of a "smarter" Web through a threaded series of vignettes and a thorough review of Semantic Web development.

Thinking $10 Thinking

Do Cats Think?

I don't know why I thought I could get away with it.

When my cat "Bear" jumped onto my lap expecting his morning petting session, I wondered if THIS time I could get away with reading the newspaper while giving him a few off-hand, preoccupied strokes.

"Heh, heh", I thought. "I'll start by giving him my full attention but then I'll sneak my paper in when he's not looking." I "chucked" him under the chin while stroking him from head to tail, and he began rolling in ecstasy.

When he turned his back on me, sprawling on his stomach, my moment came. Quickly, I reached for the newspaper with my right hand. Continuing to pet Bear with my left, I opened it to the front page.

Bear put his ears back.

"Uh, oh", I said to myself. "But wait...he can't see what I'm doing. How does he know that I'm cheating?"

But he knew.

Bear tolerated it for a few moments; his ears laid back, his tail thrashing. Suddenly he leaped from my lap and lay down on the floor. After a few minutes of washing, he stared at me with an accusing expression.

I'd spoiled HIS morning petting session with my own selfishness and he was clearly letting me know the error of my ways.

DO CAT'S THINK?

Cat owners may be the only pet lovers who sincerely believe their pets think. It won't be the first time that a cat owner has the distinctly uncanny feeling that not only does his beloved cat think, but that he is being manipulated by her.

Veteran cat owners have noticed:

•Cats are an extremely obsessed and determined animal.

•Cats seem to contemplate things and make decisions.

•Cats choose and adopt people.

•Cats become offended and can hold grudges at insults to their dignity. Fortunately they forget them pretty quickly.

•They are embarrassed easily and seem to cover it up with nonchalant behavior.

•They are extremely independent, but want to cooperate with humans as long as this spirit of cooperation is thoroughly disguised.

In short, the cat "owner" always has the vague feeling that he is somehow being conned, but is never sure exactly in what way.

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY THE WORD "THINK"?

Answers.com defines the ability to think as "To exercise the power of reason, as by conceiving ideas, drawing inferences, and using judgment."

Arguably, it is the power of reason, the ability to conceive ideas, use judgment and put the results into action that has placed Man at the top of the food chain. In other words, Man dominates his/her environment because of his/her ability to think.

THE CAT BRAIN AND CAT BEHAVIOR

Cats are often used as experimental animals because the feline brain is structured like the human brain. The question is, however, do these similarities result in similar cognitive processes, i.e., can a cat actually assemble information, reason things out and make decisions?

The cat's lack of cooperation with trainers has been taken either as a high degree of intelligence on the part of the feline (either too smart to do what a human tells her to) or a low degree (too stupid to be amenable to training).

Cat lovers usually opt for the former having the distinct impression that they, not their cats, are being trained.

CAN CATS USE TOOLS?

A writer for About.com, J. Justin Lancaster, reported that his cat Sasha had discovered a way to wet down her dry cat food by carrying a cotton hair "scrunchy" to the toilet to wet it and subsequently using it to drip water on her food. This may be the most sophisticated use of tools ever observed in the non-human animal kingdom.

On the other hand, most cat owners observe that a cat, when confronted with an obstacle barring her from a goal, will never move the obstacle out of the way. If the obstacle falls out of the way the cat will be momentarily surprised, but will then proceed to reach the unobstructed goal.

When finding herself again in the same situation, with the same destination blocked by the same obstacle, the cat will not knock the obstacle out of the way even though previous experience has shown that this is the best way reach the goal.

THE JURY IS OUT

So, the jury is either out, or "hung", on the question of whether or not cats think.

But when my cat, without looking at me, knows that I'm not giving him my full attention, and gives every evidenced of being miffed at this, I wonder.

Why is petting him while reading the newspaper not the same thing as petting him while using my full concentration?

It doesn't make sense unless I accept the possibility that he has thought it out. That he has decided that it is either all or nothing, and he just isn't going accept "playing second fiddle" to a newspaper. And his conclusion is: I'd better shape up. Anything short of my full attention is not acceptable.

He is going to get a full petting from me -- or not at all.

About the Author

John Young is an editor and writer living in Southern California with his wife and pet cat "Bear". He is author of "Your New Cat's First 24 Hours",
http://www.yourcatsecrets.com
and editor of a new ezine "The Online Cat",
http://www.theonlinecat.com
.