The Female Brain

times book reviews

The Power of Book Reviewers in Book Marketing

Writing, editing, and getting a book published is a lot of hard work, unfortunately it does not guarantee any tangible sales. In fact, most books published each year fail to sell more than a few dozen copies, creating a very competitive and cut throat book marketing industry. There are many ways people will tell you to market a book, however the most effective is usually attributed to book reviews.

Custom book reviews not only provide an author with substantial buzz for a new book, it also lends the book a sense of credibility that would be otherwise void. There are certainly no shortage of great books on the market today, however only a small percentage of them have the necessary book reviews to urge people to take action.

Next time you are on a book merchants website, have a look at a book that has no reader reviews and ask yourself if you buy this book? Chances are you would pass on buying this book in an effort to find a better, more reviewed book that people can give you some information on before buying it. The bottom line is that book reviewers provide a valuable service to book buyers by taking the mystery out of buying a book.
For whatever reason book merchants typically supply a short and concise review of the book by the publisher. This review offers often too little information for a book buyer to take action. It is therefore up to the book reviewers to provide all the needed info that persuades a book buyer to get their wallet out and click the purchase now button.

Book reviewers are unfortunately a rare breed, as the population of the world turns more and more to TV, DVDs, the internet, and other forms of entertainment. This creates a large demand for high quality book reviews, and thus the price is driven up by major publicity firms that offer such services. Thankfully there are several firms that specialize in affordable book review services, allowing authors to reap all the benefits of custom book review without the big price tag.

Affordable book reviewers can be found, and should be sought out for those interested in gaining major publicity without having to get a second mortgage on their home or put the family dog to work delivering newspapers each morning just to pay your PR firm bill. Further the author that utilizes book review services can see an immediate result in their publicity efforts because book reviews can be completed in a minimal amount of time.

There are many reasons why authors choose to get their books reviewed, but most reasons seem to stem back to the fact that book reviews actually work, and thus it is a safe investment for the author to make.

About the Author

Ray Subs is a book review expert and staff member of the innovative affordable book review service Reader Spoils. For more information about him and his book review services visit www.ReaderSpoils.com

Bill O'Reilly vs. New York times book review Editor

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The New York Times Book Reviews 2000 (New York Times Book Review (2v.)) $291.48 Arranged chronologically by month, this two-volume set includes reviews of books (along with accompanying illustrations) that appeared in The New York Times in 2000.

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Reviews $28.53 This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR''d book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

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female feminists

Post Structuralist Feminist Analyses In Education

Introduction

Post structuralism has numerous definitions. However, for purposes of this essay, we can define it as the application of cultural theory in post-modern contexts. In other words, there can be no relation between meaning and words prior to events. Post structuralists assert that meaning in society are brought on by the existence of events or discourses. Feminism within post structuralism refers to the way society is addressed with regard to race, gender and race. Additionally, feminisms also brings about the elements of transformation within the latter social relations. Feminist activists are constantly looking for way of articulating power inequalities in society especially for those who have been undermined in the past. (Lather, 1991)

How concepts within post structuralism feminism analyses can be applied to education

Post structuralism comes in different forms, consequently, the manner in which the different forms are practiced also varies. However, these forms have three major concepts in common and they include; meaning, subjectivity and language. Besides the latter three elements, post structuralism forms are also related in the manner in which they attempt to deconstruct. There is always an examination into the way society perceives certain realities and then a disruption of these perceptions. In other words, there is always a tendency to disrupt these socially constructed systems. Different forms of post structuralism have challenged social constructs and they have an attribute of controversy about them. One of the forms of post structuralism is feminism post structuralism. This form can be analysed through the following three concepts and then applied in education

Language

Through language, feminism post structuralism analyses can be applied in education. This is because one can be able to under social power, social meaning, social organisation and individual consciousness. Language is therefore a site for constructing social meaning. Language is a medium that facilitates the way individuals can live through the way it gives meaning to individual's social discourses. Language gives meaning to the world and also allows individuals certain forms of subjectivity. In the field of education; especially higher education, one can understand how women use language as method of showing their discontent with society.

Subjectivity

Subjectivity may be regarded as a site for conflict and disunity as perceived by feminism post structuralists. Humanist subjects differ and are unique in their own identities. Consequently, the notion that human subjects are static, stable or rational is in strong opposition to this feminism post structuralist idea. Adherents to the feminism post structuralism theory assert that human beings are not socialised by society but instead create their own subjectification. This means that when one examines another's subjectivity, they are in fact in the process of understanding how their counterparts are constituted. (Lather, 1991)

The process of constructing subjectivity creates tensions and instabilities which then becomes visible through the practices and discourses one undergoes. Since these discourses and practices are always quite different, then they create contradictions within ourselves that are synonymous with one's subjectivity. The process of placing meanings to experiences varies from individuals to individuals, and also from society to society. Therefore, feminism post structuralism does not try to place subjectivity in fixed definition, but it refers to it as a fluid and continuous process of forming meaning to discourses.

When the latter explanation is applied to women's positions in higher education, one can assert that there exists different reasons that explain why women take up the positions they do in educational institutions. It would therefore be wrong to generalise all the subjects within this field because they all have their various reasons and understandings for pursuing the positions they hold

Power

Feminism post structuralism gives a new reflection to the way power is perceived by society. According to the adherents of this theory, power should not just be a mechanism for repressing others; instead, it can be viewed as a mode for production. In this regard, adherents to this theory tend to look for ways in which weak points in power relations can be transformed or challenged. (Grosz, 1989)

When one applies the latter assertions in the field of education, it can be seen that some power relations come into play especially in administration. It is inherent in society that women and men are entitled to certain depictions of power. However, there seems to be a disconnect owing to the fact that females are not on an equal footing. It is therefore plausible to argue that there is a power gap in this social relation; post structuralism feminism demands that this gap must be challenged

Barriers faced by women climbing managerial ladders in education

In educational institutions today, there are more women than men doing undergraduate courses. Consequently, many have assumed that these women will proceed to obtain post graduate degrees and eventually climb up the ladder to become administrators. However, this has not been the case and many experts have given their opinions about why this could be happening. It is indeed alarming that the actual number of women in professoriate positions are just a handful. The percentages representing this number actually refer to all the lecturers and instructors. If most of the women in academic institutions are taking up only the lecturer's positions, then it gives them very little room to grow thus implying that women are actually under represented in educational institutions. (Hollingsworth, 1994)

Some people have asserted that the reasons for these declining numbers of women within education can be attributed to sexual discrimination. But as research would have it, there is no uniform pattern of sexual discrimination in learning institutions. Some institutions do hire men over women regardless of the credentials of either gender. On the other hand, other institutions have asserted that they give women precedence in recruitment over men so as to bridge the gender gap in education. Both sides of the coin have well founded evidence in research within the UK. Many experts have found that the country has mixed reactions when it comes to female recruitment. Post structuralism feminism theory can be applied to explain these divisions in opinion. Owing to the issue of subjectivity, different individuals have their own understandings of practices depending on their very nature. Consequently, this could be the reason why some institutions tend to discriminate sexually while others do the opposite.

Other experts have asserted that the reason why women do not hold managerial positions in educational institutions is due to their biological nature. This means that women are inclined to reject jobs in academics owing to the fact they have a stronger inclination to raising children and bringing up families. Here, the blame is on women themselves; they are the ones who choose to get away from the field of education itself. This notion has no sustainable evidence to support it because there are certain women who have no children but are still disinterested in managerial positions. Besides that, there are also certain women who have children and still climb up the social ladder. (Britzman, 2003)

Other proponents argue that there are systemic barriers in education that prevent women from pursuing those career positions. These barriers are accounted by the fact that most women tend to self-select themselves away from these jobs given the obstacles that the system already has in place. Evidence shows that the numbers of women in under graduate levels are quite high, but as one continues to post graduate and even PhD levels, these numbers diminish. Research has shown that the percentage of women with PhDs in UK is much less than the percentage of women applying for academic managerial positions. Since women choose not to apply for managerial positions themselves, then there must be a reason. It was found that a substantial number of women in the country still feel that the rigours of academic managerial posts would be too demanding for them. Most of them have a hard time dividing loyalties between themselves and their families. Women still consider themselves as primary caregivers within the family and this is a demanding task

The other reasons that could be causing this disparity is the fact that women score less in self esteem meta analysis tests. Research conducted in UK academic institutions found that women's self perception or their self esteem was lower than their male counterparts. Post structuralism feminism can be applied to explain the latter revelations. These figures could be as a result of the power concepts. Most individuals ascertain that they may not be ready to take up managerial positions because their social relations have indicated that there is a divide between the genders. Consequently, these women tend not to believe in themselves when asked about such positions.

Other adherents believe that women have minimal access to managerial positions because most of them may dislike the fact that it will invoke a lot of mobility. The issue of geography is very important to women. But in academics, one is required to move to another institutions or country to get a masters degrees. When they decide to get a doctoral degree, they are again required to move to another location. This issue is particularly troubling to women as most of them do not like moving from one place to another. This can be explained through the post structuralism feminism lens. In this regard, many women are expressing their subjectivity due to the experiences they have undergone in the past. In this regard, many subjects have been confronted with the negative elements that come with frequent mobility. As a result, so many of them embraced those experiences and made it part of their being. This is why they tend to disfavour these managerial positions. (Davies, 1994)

Another reason that could explain these minimal numbers of female students in academic positions is the issue of marriage. A survey conducted in the country found that women with post graduate degrees wanted spouses with similar academic qualifications. It is likely that the concern about finding marriage partners could be discouraging some women. This depicts power struggles according to post structuralism feminism.

Conclusion

There are external and internal factors that could be causing a gap between men and women in educational positions. The external factors are family concerns and sexual discrimination attitudes in some institutions. However, internal factors could also have caused this disparity and they include low self-esteem, mobility concerns and family balance. (Lather, 1991)

Reference:

Britzman, D. (2003): A critical study of learning to teach; State University of New York Press

Davies, B. (1994): Poststructuralist theory and classroom practice; Deakin UniversityPress

Grosz, E. (1989): Three French feminists: Sexual subversions; Allen & Unwin

Hollingsworth, S. (1994): Lessons and Conversations in a Feminist Key; Teachers College Press.

Lather, P. (1991): Feminist research in education: against/within; Deakin University Press

About the Author

Author is associated with SuperiorPapers.Us which is a global Research Papers and Term Papers Writing Company. If you would like help in Research Papers and Term Paper Help you can visit www.SuperiorPapers.Us

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Funny Videos? Bundle of Laughs is a Great Place to Find Them

Funny videos – Youtube has become known as the number one website for funny videos, or indeed any kind of video from music videos to sports events. Along with Facebook, Ebay and Wikipedia it has become one of the most recognized websites in the world. One of the things that is great about the site is that anyone can contribute – whether you have accidently created a funny video or simply want to share a family event or tell the world something, it is there for everyone to use. And it is completely free. Never before has it been so easy, or fast, to share and view video. It has revolutionalised how we use the internet.

Youtube is not without it’s flaws however. It’s not always properly moderated and unsavory and explicit material is often inadvertently published and, due to the nature of it’s design, there are so many different types of videos – funny videos, factual videos, spoof videos, scientific videos etc etc that it can sometimes be hard work to find exactly what you’re looking for. Searching on a keyword can often create dozens and dozens of results that you have to sift through. And let’s be honest, it’s usually just the funniest videos we’re looking for…

Searching for funny videos online is great fun if you have a few friends over for drinks or a party. You can spend hours searching for funny incidents, funny animals, funny TV blunders, and just about anything else you can think of. It’s all there in glorious colour. It’s surprising just how much fun it can be to have a group of friends gathered round a computer monitor watching a dog on a trampoline or a skier crashing into a tree! Previously we had to rely on TV shows like Candid Camera, Beadle’s About, You’ve Been Framed etc, maybe showing on TV once a week, now we have an unlimited supply ready at the click of a mouse button twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, three hundred and sixty five days a year!

A new website called Bundle Of Laughs has been launched which helps to narrow-down the search for the internet’s funniest videos. Instead of trawling through endless search results, Bundle Of Laughs does all the hard work for you, selecting only the best in funny videos and presenting them to the viewer in blog format with categorized links to help you find exactly what you’re looking for. Whether it’s amusing pets you’re after, funny kids or sporting disasters, Bundle Of Laughs has them all! There are no subscription fees or disclaimers to sign, it’s all ready and waiting for your viewing pleasure! It’s updated on a daily basis and once you’ve bookmarked it, you’ll be coming back time and time again.

As well as funny videos, Bundle Of Laughs also contains lots of links to other websites with loads of other funny stuff. So, in a nut shell, if it’s funny videos you’re looking for, then head straight for Bundle Of Laughs – not just funny videos, but the FUNNIEST videos!

About the Author

David Barr wrote the article 'Bundle of laughs is a great site for free funny videos' and recommends you visit http://www.bundleoflaughs.co.uk for your free funny videos.

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brain diagram with functions

What Causes Loss Of Reasoning Ability From Middle Age?

The Scientists

Ted Nettlebeck and Nicholas Burns at the University of Adelaide recently investigated what causes both the improvement of reasoning ability (fluid intelligence) in children between the ages of 8 to14 and the decline in reasoning ability in adults from 50 years onwards.

The Study

They took a large sample of children aged 8–14 years and adults aged 18–87. They all completed the same set of IQ tests, which measured their abilities in processing speed, working memory and reasoning ability. Even though each of these abilities is partly distinct, they are all positively linked with overall intelligence and IQ level.

1. Processing speed

This includes reaction time (how fast you can react to stimuli) and inspection time (how long it takes to identify a simple stimulus).

For example –  the time it takes to say which of the vertical lines is longer, the left or the right?

How fast a person is on this simple task correlates with a person’s IQ level.

2.  Working memory.

This is a short term system for briefly storing and managing the information needed to carry out complex tasks such as problem solving, learning, reasoning, and comprehending language.

A classic measure of working memory is ‘memory span’. In a typical test of memory span, a psychologist reads out a list of random numbers or words. At the end of a sequence, the person whose memory span is being measured is asked to recall the items in order. The average memory span for normal adults is 7 items, plus or minus 2. (You can try this with a friend to find your memory span).

Working memory capacity (how many items can be held in mind while doing a task) is correlated with IQ level.

3. Reasoning ability.

Cluedo and Sudoku are good examples of games requiring reasoning ability – using logic and the process of elimination. Reasoning involves the use of logic. It involves reaching conclusions from premises in a way that is valid. It is at the core of fluid intelligence, our problem solving ability. A typical example of a test for reasoning ability in an IQ test is what is known as a Matrices test. Here’s an example from the Mensa workout:

These kinds of questions are direct measures of intelligence.

What did Nettlebeck and Nicholas Burns find?

They found that for children as they age from 14 to 18 years old, their processing speed increases. This increased speed improves their working memory, and their working memory improves their reasoning ability/fluid intelligence. This is shown in the diagram below. The plus sign indicates a positive association.

The links between processing speed, working memory and reasoning/fluid intelligence was different for adults however. They found that between the ages of 18 to 87, processing speed steadily declines. This is indicated by the ‘-‘ sign in the diagram below. Slower information processing reduces working memory capacity. They also found that from the age of 55 onwards working memory declines independently from processing speed.

This is partly due to the steady loss of brain cells that is known to occur in the memory brain structure called the hippocampus during aging. The overall reduction in working memory causes poorer reasoning skills in older age.

What was the magnitude of the decline?

The 55 plus group performed at 72% the level of the 18-45 year olds on working memory (memory span)

The 55 plus group performed at 75% the level of the 18-45 year old group in reasoning (matrices)

This kind of reduction in cognitive function is called ‘cognitive aging’. This study shows that the decline in fluid intelligence during aging is due to poorer working memory capacity.

It is worth noting that this decline sets in from our 30s onwards - but it is more pronounced in middle age and older.

What can we do to prevent cognitive decline?

The study clearly points at the following conclusion: preventing decline in reasoning ability and fluid intelligence depends on preventing a loss of working memory capacity. Therefore training working memory can have profound cognitive consequences as we age. High IQ Pro software is the most effective brain training exercise for increasing working memory capacity, and therefore fluid intelligence and reasoning ability. It has been scientifically demonstrated to improve working memory capacity by over 65%.

Reference

Ted Nettelbeck, Nicholas R. Burns, Processing speed, working memory and reasoning ability from childhood to old age, Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 48, Issue 4, March 2010, Pages 379-384.

About the Author

Dr Mark Ashton Smith, is a cognitive neuroscientist, author and entrepreneur. Between 2000 and 2003 he was a Lecturer in the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge. His most recent position has been as Assistant Professor at Bilkent University, Turkey. His current research is in fluid intelligence.

To find out more of what is known about intelligence and how to increase IQ, visit his website: www.HighIQPro.com

Part 4: How Neurons Make Decisions: The umbrella Metaphor

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On the Functions of the Brain and of Each of Its Parts (1835) $25.88 On the Functions of the Brain and of Each of Its Parts (1835)

The Brain $43.32 Developed for those with no prior exposure to the field, this primer is an authoritative yet accessible introduction to the brain and its functions. Written by a leading neuroscientist, Thompson provides a basic overview of brain anatomy and physiology from molecules to the mind in a concise, readable format which sparkles with the author's hands on experience with brain research.

The Functions of the Brain $26.58 This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Brain Circuits and Functions of the Mind $70.48 In the history of American neuroscience, Roger Sperry and his contribution are outstanding. In this book, over twenty of his students, research colleagues and scientific friends, themselves all notable neuroscientists, review fifty years of his tireless experimentation and brilliant theoretical argument, also reviewing their own work in the context of Sperry’s contributions to their fields. Sperry’s challenging and controversial theories are very much alive in contemporary brain science, cognitive psychology and the philosophy of mind. Curiosity about the most difficult questions, such as those concerning conscious awareness, memory and volition led Sperry from the study of the control of complex patterns in brain circuit growth to discovery of the split brain phenomenon, which illuminated how the two halves of the brain integrate their different functions. In revolutionary tests on patients whose hemispheres had been disconnected to prevent the build-up of severe epileptic seizures, two complementary realms of mind were revealed, one verbal and rational (‘left brain’) nd the other more spatial, metaphorical and intuitive (‘right brain’). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work in 1981. Although this book is written for students and researchers in the fields of psychology and neuroscience, it will hold interest for any reader who is curious about the workings of the mind and the brain.

The Brain and Its Functions (1882) $28.66 Publisher: D. Appleton and company Publication date: 1882 Subjects: Brain Medical / Neurology Medical / Neuroscience Body, Mind

funny hats

Wigs, Masks and Hats, a Must Have in Your Party Arsenal

There are some parties in your annual events calendar that rarely change, basically birthday parties, anniversary parties, plus holidays and seasonal celebrations as well. However, throughout the year many other events are added to you calendar as they come such as bridal and baby showers, wedding ceremonies, employment-related and coaching events, friends reunion, and many more.

Despite we would like to make of each of those planned and unplanned events a unique celebration, the true fact is that we cannot always afford a fashionable costume or a new party dress or jacket. Here is where wigs, masks, and hats take place, because these accessories are similar to others in your wardrobe that you use to mix and match your actual apparel.

Accessories can make of an ordinary black dress a glamorous nighttime gown, and a simple sport jacket can look like a classic outfit if you add to it a designer scarf that obviously cost much more less than a tuxedo or a formal jacket to dress up. I you apply this concept to your party apparel, if you have a vampire costume for Halloween that you worn the past year, make of it a new fashionable outfit by adding to it an appropriate mask.

Party dressing accessories are cheaper than full featured costumes, although many of these come already with their own setup of dressing accessories to round your fantasy appearance. Even though, if you have a fully featured witch costume with a hat and mask, buy a green wig and especial facial makeup to give it another renewed look.

MoonCostumes is a costumes, accessories, and party supplier that can deliver promptly whatever you need to enhance your party arsenal. Wigs, masks, hats, facial and body makeup, temporary tattoos and a series of many other accessories can be mixed and matched with different costumes or every days dresses, skirts, pants, shirts, and jackets so your possibilities to look different in every event that you give or you attend.

Of course, you can buy a few basic new costumes to complete your party wardrobe and that of your children as well. Mooncostumes.com has also costumes for pet because, after all, your pets are also part of your family and they also deserve some fun time... although it is funny too look like your lovely kitty becomes a fierce lion.

Because most dressing accessories are unisex, you do not need to buy a wig for him and another for her, and same thing applies to hats and masks. In fact is pretty funny that a girl disguised like a nasty Jason, the creepy guys from Friday the 13th movie. Despite there are expressly female and male costumes, party time makes no sex difference and it is common to see temporary gender role changes in some parties as they are just part of the entertainment and you know, the show must go on.

About the Author

Erik Aronesty is an expert in providing quality costumes for the entire family. Moon Costumes is a premier seller of a unique selction of adult and child costumes, masks, hats, wigs and accessories with easily searchable online catalog. To learn more or purchase costumes visit Halloween costumes, child costumes, and sexy costumes.

Orthodox Jews Riot in Funny Hats - Find Out WHY?

No Funny Hats $13.29 No Funny Hats

Adult Dice Hat - Funny Hats $14.96 Adult Dice Hat - Funny Hats

Lobster Hat - Funny Food Hats $18.36 Lobster Hat - Funny Food Hats

Money Hat - Funny Hats $17.56 Money Hat - Funny Hats - Be a Player! Big Spender! Money Hat

Turkey Hat - Funny Animal Hats $16.14 Turkey Hat Costume - Funny Animal Hats

Philly Cheesesteak Hat - Funny Food Hats $18.36 Philly Cheesesteak Hat - Funny Hats

Feather Top Hat - Funny Hats $11.04 Feather Top Hat - Funny Hats - There's nothing like a luxurious faux feather hat to give your holiday party pizazz! This emerald green Feather Top Hat is perfect for Christmas, Mardi Gras and St. Patrick's Day festivities.

Funky Fuzzy Funny Hat - Costume Hats $8.46 Funky Fuzzy Hat - Costume Hats

Chili Pepper Hat - Funny Food Hats $12.71 Chili Pepper HatChili Pepper Hat - Funny Food Hats Inside is a thin foam lining; outside the red pepper is vinyl-like.

Adult Propeller Beanie Hat - Funny Hats $6.76 Adult Propeller Beanie Hat - Hats All Beanie Hats have a chin strap.

Flamingo Hat - Funny Hats $14.99 This silly and fun Flamingo Hat is just the thing for a day of croquet with your royal friends!

Rasta Tam - Funny Hats $13.99 This rainbow Rasta Tam is great for a hippie look!

Cheeseburger Hat - Funny Hats $21.99 This Cheeseburger Hat is sure to be an ice-breaker at parties! Just don't be too surprised if people start to look a little hungry...

Rainbow Hat - Funny Hats $26.99 This fun Rainbow Hat is sure to brighten ANYONE'S mood on a rainy day!

Pizza Hat - Funny Hats $19.51 "Pizza Hat The colors are off-white, pale yellow, rust/brown, red, green, white, and red/white checks under the ""pizza."""