The Female Brain

anatomy of the brain and skull

Recognizing the Types and Severity of Brain Damage

In the study of anatomy, the brain represents what outer space did to Captain Kirk of Star Trek’s USS Enterprise: the final frontier. We are learning more all the time, and yet the brain remains an area of great mystery.

We do know some things, of course, and paramedics and health professionals are not the only ones who benefit from recognizing the types and severity of brain damage. The more each of us knows, beginning with the basics, the better for our afflicted family members, friends and neighbors.

Brain injuries are very difficult to make without the proper, mostly quite modern equipment. However, there are symptoms one can learn to recognize, and assessments one can learn to make, when confronted with a person acting erratic or confused. It will not always be attributable to brain damage, but unless you have a modicum of knowledge about the brain you will have no way of ruling it out. A brief course in brain anatomy, then, is indicated.

The “rough map” of the brain

Let’s discuss six general “geographic areas” of the brain, one at a time, and describe the effect of damages done there. The frontal lobe, behind the forehead, is an area devoted to both movement and problem-solving, so injuries to that area manifest as a range of problems. Mild damage may result in some loss of simple body movement, whereas serious damage can result in paralysis.

In addition, you will know this type of injury because of the afflicted person’s inability to plan a sequence of complex movements required to finish multi-stepped tasks, such as making coffee. This is called “sequencing,” and as it becomes more severe, it can result in loss of flexibility in thinking generally. Finally, mood changes, social awkwardness and the inability to use language skills (Broca’s aphasia) can range from light and sporadic to heavy and persistent, the latter being the more severe case, naturally.

Damage to the parietal lobe, near the back and top of the head, is indicated by the inability to name objects (anomia), difficulty drawing objects and difficulty with mathematics (dyscalculia). As it also aids in movement and awareness of space/time, the parietal lobe, when damaged, also reduces one’s awareness of certain body parts and/or surrounding space and causes problems with eye and hand coordination.

Visual problems have many causes

Defects in vision and difficulty with color identification (color agnosia) may indicate damage to the occipital lobes, located at the back of the head. You will recognize more severe damage by the presence and relative strength of visual hallucinations. Reading and writing become labored, too.

At the side of the head above the ears reside the temporal lobes. These are essential to face recognition, understanding speech and memory functions, so these activities will be affected by temporal lobe damage. Severity is difficult to gauge, but particularly heavy damage can lead to increase aggressiveness and some loss of self-control.

Deep within the brain is the brain stem, which has roles in balance, movement, spatial orientation, sleep and breathing. Damage manifests, therefore, in problems with swallowing, nausea, insomnia and dizziness (vertigo). Sleep apnea and an increasing inability to perceive the environment are indicators of more serious damage.

General coordination and speech

The cerebellum, at the base of the skull, is essential to coordination, three-dimensional perception, speech, detailed activity and rapid movement. Therefore, injuries to this area of the brain will affect the proper functioning in these areas. Fine, precise movements requiring concentrated coordination become increasingly difficult, and in severe injuries the ability to walk can be reduced or eliminated.

Slurred speech, dizziness and the inability to make rapid, repetitive movements are also markers of cerebellum damage. In addition, the body may be subject to twitches, or “tremors,” another clue that part of the observed behavior may be due to cerebellum damage.

A TV commercial for college used to remind people that, “A mind is a terrible thing to waste.” This is so true, and people should give more thought to the organ in their body that, in point of fact, enables them to have thoughts in the first place. Our brains are not maintenance-free, by any means, as they require adequate nutrition and, yes, exercise.

The more we know about how our bodies work, the better. Should we notice someone displaying one or more of the foregoing symptoms, we are now able to suggest a possible cause and recommend appropriate treatment. More than that, however, we should strive to care for ourselves – in body, mind, soul and spirit – so that we can be the best person possible, as well as a well-informed one.

About the Author

The law offices of Bob Schuster, P.C. Specialize in commercial litigation, brain injury, intellectual property infringement and carbon monoxide poisoning cases. Visit their site for more information on brain injury and how you can get what you deserve.

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The Virtues Of Audio Books

I first got into the audio books habit working at a temporary data entry job. One of the few benefits to engaging in such a mundane task all day is the ability to wear headphones. Listening to the same pop songs hour after hour quickly becomes almost as tedious as silence, so I started to borrow books on tape from the library. While listening to a book may seem like a serious distraction, I -along with many others at my place of employment- learned that even a brain of average capacity can swiftly adapt to the dual tasks of keying names and numbers and following the twists and turns of a plot.

Since then, I have come to appreciate the experience of listening to books. Many people take them on long drives. While I haven't had many occasions to do this, I can appreciate the companionship a book would provide on a long, solitary journey. I have, however, found other good uses for them. They make an excellent accompaniment to certain kinds of exercise. I'm not a jogger, but since I see many people running down the street or through parks with headphones on, it's a fairly safe assumption some are listening to books rather than music. Ditto with treadmills at health clubs (or at home). You can also listen while cooking, cleaning up or other household tasks, so long as there are no loud noises in the background (like a vacuum cleaner). If a book is especially engaging, you can, of course, simply listen to it while doing nothing else.

Since I started listening to audio books, about ten years ago, there has been a great increase in their popularity. Formats have also changed. While tapes are still available, CDs started to replace them as the favored format several years ago. Now, with the mp3 revolution, downloads seem to be the wave of the future. Regardless of the format, however, the experience is pretty much the same. I actually prefer tapes to CDs (I still don't have an mp3 player -I tend to be one of the last holdouts when it comes to new technology; I got my first DVD player only a couple of years ago, long after VHS became almost obsolete), because they are simpler to start and stop.

What are the best kinds of audio books to listen to? It depends, of course, on your tastes. Suspense and mystery novels seem to be the easiest to locate, though you can also find nonfiction (everything from self-help to history), classics and instructional programs (such as foreign languages). One rule I have with audio books is that I almost never get anything that is abridged. This is especially true for fiction. I really don't understand the rationale behind abridged novels. Is it to save time? Yet, most people who purchase or rent audio books are doing so in order to fill time, so why skimp on the length? As I see it, any novel that would not be seriously diminished by abridgement is not worth reading in the first place (either printed or audio). Even genre fiction is ruined by abridgement. Often, mysteries and action plots, for example, are fairly complex. I am lucky if I can keep up with what's going on in a full length spy novel; cut out some of the exposition and "minor" scenes, and I am completely lost. One exception to this rule might be nonfiction in a genre in which I am not particularly interested in general. For example, I might conceivably listen to an abridgement of somebody's ten volume history of the Roman Empire. In this case, I'd probably never get around to reading the whole thing, and since it isn't a specialty of mine, I don't mind missing some of the finer points. In general however, in case I haven't made this clear by now, abridgement is close to sacrilege where books are concerned.

There is a certain kind of literary snob who does not consider audio books real books. By his or her criterion, if you've listened to a book, you haven't "really" read it. We could argue the semantics of whether listening to a book can be literally called "reading" or not, but this is not really the point. When I've listened to an audio book, I tend to say I've listened to it rather than read it, but I've heard others say they've read a book they've listened to. Definitions aside, the question is, does listening provide the same experience as reading the printed version? I would say not entirely, but the comparison does not necessarily favor the printed book. A lot depends on the narrator, of course, but a well told audio book can bring a book to life in a way ink simply cannot. In an interesting way, the new technology that makes listening to a book possible actually harkens back to the very old tradition of storytelling, which predates the written word by millenia.

As I see it, certain kinds of books favor the printed version, others the audio. Some authors, such as Jack Keruoac, seem at their most natural when you can hear them spoken out loud.
On the other hand, books that require a lot of, shall we say left-brained concentration, are more written-word friendly. Sometimes it depends on the listener. For instance, I enjoy reading Russian novels, but I would not attempt to listen to Tolstoy or Dostoyevskly. I find all the unfamiliar names to be too much of a challenge, and the printed page allows me to take my time and, when necessary, go back and verify who is who. On the other hand, someone whose native language is Russian (or a scholar in the field), would have no problem listening. The same is true for non-fiction. If the field is very obscure to me, listening to it would probably mean missing key points. If it's something I'm comfortable with, however, this would not be the case.

Narrating an audio book is a subtle art. If you listen to enough books, you will start to recognize the very skillful pros who have narrated hundreds, such as George Guidall. The trick, as far as I can tell (in addition to having a good, clear voice, of course), is to put just the right amount of inflection into the reading. It also requires the skill to do different voices, which is no easy matter in a novel full of male and female characters of varying age, background, geographical origin and education. A few audio books have tried the format of using multiple narrators. While this sounds like a good idea in theory, in practice I find it to be a distraction. The most glaring mistake made by narrators that I've listened to is overacting. Narrators should not, as a rule, be acting at all. If they put too much of their personalities into a reading, they are violating one of the primary virtues of books -allowing the reader to reconstruct the book in his or her own imagination. If the narrator does this, thereby intruding on the reader's mental boundaries, he is actually giving credence to the anti-audio book argument, transforming the book into more of a radio play (nothing wrong with these, they just are not books). Most publishers, however, find skillful narrators who do not overstep their bounds, but put just the right amount of inflection and emotion into the action and dialogue.

Audio books are convenient and pleasurable, but I think they are also one aspect of contemporary life that, as I suggested earlier, actually bring back some of the virtues of slower-paced, pre-modern cultures. You may use an audio book to distract you from tedious chores or a mundane day job (a situation, alas, in which I still often find myself) or from hundreds of miles of highway, but if you are listening to a good, well narrated book, you are getting something more than a mere distraction. You are participating in the time-honored (if updated to fit the information age) tradition of storytelling. This can serve as a refreshing addition, sometimes even a necessary antidote, to some of life's everyday events.

About the Author

Larry Christopher is a writer and researcher on a variety of topics, including cultural issues, metaphysics and health. You can find his audio books blog at
http://www.audiobooks-online.org

Book Review THE FEMALE BRAIN

The Female Brain $12.98 Why are women more verbal than men? Why do women remember details of fights that men can’t remember at all? Why do women tend to form deeper bonds with their female friends than men do with their male counterparts? These and other questions have stumped both sexes throughout the ages. Now, pioneering neuropsychiatrist Louann Brizendine, M.D., brings together the latest findings to show how the unique structure of the female brain determines how women think, what they value, how they communicate, and who they love. While doing research as a medical student at Yale and then as a resident and faculty member at Harvard, Louann Brizendine discovered that almost all of the clinical data in existence on neurology, psychology, and neurobiology focused exclusively on males. In response to the overwhelming need for information on the female mind, Brizendine established the first clinic in the country to study and treat women’s brain function. In The Female Brain, Dr. Brizendine distills all her findings and the latest information from the scientific community in a highly accessible book that educates women about their unique brain/body/behavior. The result: women will come away from this book knowing that they have a lean, mean, communicating machine. Men will develop a serious case of brain envy.

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Four Average Movies That Do not Get Any Better the Second Time Around

Copyright © 2007 Ed Bagley

Here are four average movies that do not get any better the second time around:

Anger Management - 2 Stars (Average)

Anger Management brings young Adam Sandler together with old Jack Nicholson in a dippy comedy that borders on a romantic comedy without the dramatic bent.

Dave Buznik (Adam Sandler) is a businessman who is wrongly sentenced to an anger-management program following an incident on airline flight, but insult is added to injury when Dr. Buddy Rydell (Jack Nicholson), an aggressive, unorthodox therapist, becomes his live in roommate during rehabilitation.

This film is dominated by Nicholson, has a script that begs for better lines, and becomes annoying after awhile, which is very similar to Nicholson's character in the movie. I am not altogether sure this movie would not have been better if the roles of Nicholson and Sandler were reversed.

Imagine Nicholson as a problematic, anger-management reprobate (not hard to do) and Sandler as a recent psychiatrist grad about to deal with his first real patient (easy to do). I propose this because I felt very little chemistry between Nicholson and Sandler as they were cast.

Anger Management is not a film I would see twice under any circumstances. Apparently a lot of judges felt the same way as awards were really absent for this effort.

The Emperor's Club - 2 Stars (Average)

The Emperor's Club reminds me of the aspirations of people starting out in life and the disappointment that inevitably comes when forcing one's ideas upon another.

William Hundert (Kevin Kline) is a passionate and principled classics professor who finds his world challenged when a new student, Sedgewick Bell (Emile Hirsch), comes into his class. A battle of wills ensues.

The Emperor's Club needed a better script and suffered from the lack of a female presence. Who wants to watch a bunch of guys being smart asses? This gets to be about as interesting as watching flour turn brown.

The Emperor's Club was not unlike the Dead Poet's Society with Robin Williams as English professor John Keating, except Williams does a better acting job than Kline.

The message of The Emperor's Club is negative and undermining; the message of Dead Poet's Society is uplifting and encouraging.

Dead Poet's Society earned an Oscar for Best Writing by Tom Schulman, and garnered three other Academy nominations: Robin Williams for Best Actor, Peter Weir for Best Director and Best Picture.

The Emperor's Club was not even noticed at awards time.

The Fast and the Furious - 2 Stars (Average)

The Fast and the Furious is an action flick for guys featuring street car racing, macho wannabe men and mindless activity that sends a terrible message to every mixed up teenager who is out of control and looking for trouble.

Yes, the cars are great, yes, the race scenes are terrific for a fantasy world, and no, this film has no redeeming quality worth talking about. It is, in a word, stupid, and glorifies a stupid activity.

The Fast and the Furious picked up some minor awards for cinematography and music, but lacks substance and gets low marks for bad behavior. Save your money on the sequel.

Five Easy Pieces - 2 Stars (Average)

Five Easy Pieces was made in 1970 and 36 years later has become a cult film in the sense that it engenders a misplaced or excessive admiration because of an actor named Jack Nicholson and a restaurant scene that suggests humor but exhibits rage.

Robert Dupea (Jack Nicholson) is a successful classical pianist from a well-to-do family who becomes a worthless piece of nothing on his way to nowhere about 1,000 miles an hour. Dupea becomes one troubled and sad person who ends up as a trashy oil rigger.

Dupea surrounds himself with enough dysfunctional people to field a basketball team. One of Dupea's lines in the movie says a lot: "I move around a lot, not because I'm looking for anything really, but 'cause I'm getting away from things that get bad if I stay." Dupea just needs to grow up and stop feeling sorry for himself; he simply cannot come to terms with life and what it has to offer.

Nicholson does a great job with his role in the film (he gets his second Oscar nomination for Best Actor), but the script, story, ending and everything else about Five Easy Pieces is negative and worthless. The message of the film is just a sad, sorry excuse for living.

Nicholson becomes a major force in acting during Five Easy Pieces. He goes on to earn no less than 2 Best Actor Oscars (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and As Good As It Gets), 1 Best Supporting Actor Oscar (Terms of Endearment) and no less than 9 other Best Actor nominations.

Jack Nicholson is the most nominated actor in Academy Awards history. I was about to say he could win an Oscar nomination in any film, and then I remembered Anger Management with Adam Sandler.

Five Easy Pieces also won Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actress (Karen Black), Best Picture and Best Writing by Bob Rafelson and Carole Eastman. Great scripts do help, but I find the message of this script disturbing.

About the Author

Ed Bagley's Blog Publishes Original Articles with Analysis and Commentary on 5 Subjects: Sports, Movie Reviews, Lessons in Life, Jobs and Careers, and Internet Marketing. Read my 3-part series on "Secrets Men Don't Want women to Know" and reviews on the Broadway musicals "Camelot", "Chicago" and "The Phantom of the Opera". These are all excellent films. Find my Blog at:
http://www.edbagleyblog.com
http://www.edbagleyblog.com/MovieReviews.html

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The Movies $9.48 The medium of film has entertained audiences for more than 100 years. It has also intrigued scholars. What qualities give a film the complexity and resonance of high art? What effects do films produce in spectators and in society? How is our appreciation of a film dependent on such different elements as the screen, the stars, the zeitgeist, and even the petty business deals in Hollywood studios? Laurence Goldstein and Ira Konigsberg, the editors of The Movies: Texts, Receptions, Exposures, have sought to answer these questions by gathering writing and visual art from a variety of perspectives that describe the history, art, and technology of motion pictures in deep-focus detail.The book's first part, "Analyzing Films," offers essays on six important films: Secrets of a Soul, The Wizard of Oz, The Silence of the Lambs, The Last Emperor, The King of Comedy, and Menace II Society. Each reading uses a different methodology to reveal intricate structure and cultural provenance of the film narrative.The second part, "Making Films," takes the reader behind the camera for some expert testimony, including an interview with the great director Billy Wilder, a montage by screenwriter William Harrison of his fateful meetings in the film capital, a memoir by Arthur Miller, and an account by M-G-M producer Sam Marx of how the first film about the atomic bomb came into being.The third part, "Screening Films," measures the impact of movies on their audiences. Diane Kirkpatrick contributes an essay on how artists have responded to the movies. In short stories Laura Antillano, a Venezuelan, and Janset Berkok Shami, a Jordanian, dramatize the colonizing of other continents by the Hollywood dream factory. Leo Braudy assesses the treatment of the male body in the Brando and Dean flicks of the 1950s, while William Paul chronicles the narrative of the screen, that looked-at and overlooked monitor for the moviegoing public. A fourth part, "The Poetry of Film," collects some compelling recent poems about the movies: Margaret Atwood on Ava Gardner, Mordechai Geldmann on pornography, and Pier Paolo Pasolini on Marilyn Monroe, among others. Also included are archival essays by modernist poets H.D. and Vachel Lindsay, on Greta Garbo and the necessity of censorship, respectively.It is rare for a collection to investigate cinema with this much wit, creative play, and scholarly rigor. Common to all the contents, however, is a thoroughly contemporary manner of treating what Arthur Miller calls "the single great cultural invention of this civilization." Laurence Goldstein is the author of The American Poet at the Movies: A Critical History, editor of The Female Body: Figures, Styles, Speculations, and The Male Body: Features, Destinies, Exposures, and Professor of English, University of Michigan. Ira Konigsberg is Professor of English and Film/Video Studies, University of Michigan.

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How To Supercharge an Aging Brain

My parents were in their early fifties when I turned 22 and the chasm that separated us seemed unbridgeable. My father had his hat and tie on everywhere he went—even when he mowed the lawn. My mother kept indoors most of the time and warned us girls that no man would marry a woman made brown by the sun. I used to wonder if their brains had turned to mush.

Now I look at my 22 year old son and chuckle at the chasm that yawns between us. With his mp3 looped permanently over his neck, pants baggy and cuffed, he looks like an alien from a distant star. I have no doubt the as far as he is concerned, my brain has gone to mush.

Yet great as these differences seem, research suggests that there is very little difference in capacity between a 50 year old and a 25 year old brain. The myth of the post 40 brain decline is just that -a myth. According to Dan Gray in "The Surprising Power of the Aging Brain,"( Time Jan 16/2006) neurologists and psychologists are coming to the conclusion that "the brain at midlife -a period increasingly defined as the years 35-65 and even beyond—is much more elastic, much more supple than anyone ever realized." Far from declining, the 50 year old brain can reorganize and reinforce its neural networks in response to new stimuli and experiences. The basic network for neural growth that was set in place in our infancy continues to develop and expand even when we age and the structural capacity for this growth is unlimited. In essence, the brain is like the web—there is no end to its memory capacity or functional ability.

Gray reports specifically on 2 aspects of brain activity that are alive and well in the 50+ group.

One is the increase of white matter in the prefrontal region of the brain, which is composed of nerve cells sheathed with myelin—the neural glue that makes connections possible. Myelin is the Grand Central Station of emotional and intellectual connections—the seat of our intelligence and humanity. As long as we maintain a high level of brain activity in our middle age, we can increase the "myelination" of the brain.

A second aspect is the tendency of both hemispheres of the brain to work together. This is another reason why the 50+ brain can often outperform its younger counterparts. A study at the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care found that as people age, their ability to focus on one activity in one part of the brain decreases, which explains why older people are easily "distracted." Yet this distraction suggests that different areas of the brain are working simultaneously which explains why older people can often access higher reasoning processes (such as intuition) by using both hemispheres at the same time.

Like any other muscle, the brain can only function at its peak capacity when it is used consistently. What are the steps we can take to ensure a strong and healthy brain in our later years?

1.Pursue leisure activities. Read books and magazines. Knit with friends, go for a walk, play bridge. Leisure activities can reduce the risk or delay the onset of dementia. A study involving close to 1800 people up to age 65 showed that those who were involved with leisure activities had 38% less risk of developing dementia.

2.Read and write Poetry. In the famous Nuns' Study, researchers concluded that the sisters who had more resilient brains later in life were the ones who tended to use multi-syllabic words and richer vocabulary in their diary entries. Those who developed dementia tended to use simple, monosyllabic words. The sisters with the more resilient brains also demonstrated stronger "density of ideas" in their writing—which researchers defined as the average number of ideas expressed in each grouping of 10 words. Idea density reflects the brain's capacity to integrate memory, language, thought and emotion within a complex of words. Writing prose or poetry that creates layers of meaning within one metaphor is the best example of idea density. It makes sense that writing in general, specifically writing poetry, can supercharge your brain.

3.Again and again, studies confirm the relationship between exercise and a healthy brain. A recent study shows that exercise creates significant anatomical differences in the grey and white matter areas of the brain. Aging brings about a shrinking of these areas that closely matches declines in cognitive performance. However, cardiovascular fitness through exercise actually slows down this decline.

4.Eat a healthy diet. Avoid foods that are rich in fatty red meats and whole fat dairy products that contribute to high cholesterol levels in the brain; cholesterol promotes production of a toxic protein that attacks myelin and breaks down neural connections in the brain, leaving a trail of plaques that hamper brain function. Eat whole grains and legumes as these are rich in lecithin . Eat fish, high in omega 3 fatty acids( good fats) which have anti-inflammatory properties that can prevent the formation of plaques in the brain. Have 5-7 servings of fruits and vegetables for their powerful anti-oxidant benefits . Finally increase consumption of Soy Protein, rich in phytonutrients and gives you all the benefits of protein without the fat.

5.Learn new things and take risks. Evidence shows that learning new activities( starting a new project, hobby , business or venture) is exactly what is needed to prevent the loss of myelin in the brain. The brain is plastic which means it is capable of regeneration when stimulated by new activities. Every new sensation or experience carves a new neural pathway in the brain. The diaries of Darwin are filled with dead ends; these were risks he took and never stopped taking until the time became ripe for his emergence. The best way to nurture your brain is to cultivate a vision, then approach your vision from different angles without abandoning the path, taking new turns when the last one does not work for you, always being willing to take further risks , in fact expecting to make mistakes not only because mistakes serve as the most meaningful guides but because the success that comes eventually is a numbers game.

6. Last but not least—love and enjoy what you have. Be thankful for the abundance you have been blessed with and give generously to those you can serve. A positive sense of purpose and

About the Author

A fitness and weight consultant, Mary is helping people reclaim their bodies through nutrition, exercise, positive vision and creative engagement. Visit her at
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Forgetting, Brain Mechanism to Work Effectively and Efficiently

Related to previous article, in this article we’re still discussing another benefit of forgetting.

People do forget sometimes for various reasons. Although there’re numerous disadvantages out of this, still people need to forget. Forgetting is the natural mechanism of human brain to work efficiently and effectively. In addition, forgetting also protects people from all traumas and phobias that happened in the past. But if you forget a lot, when the forgetting happens more than the remembering, then you might need professional’s help. Visiting your therapist or other professionals might help. Nowadays they’re so many professions that help people to overcome forgetting, namely therapist, psychologist, mind-coach and many more.

If you need more scientific facts that back up the fact that forgetting has benefits to people, below is one scientific conclusion derived from the latest study of memory on mice.

When you forget, one of the reasons is you cannot recall the information stored in the memory. Human memory generally can be divided into three categories; namely sensory register, working memory and long-term memory. The duration of storage varies from one to another, the first is the shortest and the last is the longest (where in some cases more permanent). Working memory, a form of short-term memory that both passively stores and actively manipulates information, benefits from an inhibition of long-term memory.

Researchers investigating mice used x-rays or genetic techniques to stop the formation of new neurons in the hippocampus, which is important for long-term memory. These mice performed maze-related working memory tasks better than normal mice did, suggesting "that by impairing one from of memory, long-term memory, it is actually possible to improve another form," says Gael Malleret, a neuroscientist at Colombia University and co-author of the study.

This study backs up the facts that forgetting brings benefit, by making the brain to work more effectively and efficiently. So, if you accidentally call “Primus” as "Sarudin," take heart - your brain probably just chose to dump his name in favor of a more crucial fact, such as where you left your cell phone.

About the Author

Yovan P. Putra, CH (Certified Hypnotherapist) is the Director, Trainer and Hypnotherapist at PRIMA STUDY – Education, Training & Consultancy. He is a dynamic and inspirational trainer who facilitates, consults and speaks in areas relating to Mind Power. Yovan is equipped with knowledge, skills and abilities coupled with his inspirational nature to empower individuals.

How The Human Brain Works Part 2

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